android 保存 用户名和密码 设置等应用信息优化

1、传统的保存用户名,密码方式 SharedPreferences

  

Editor editor = shareReference.edit();
editor.putString(KEY_NAME,"username_value");

  

通过这样的方法,能够基本满足需求,比如有用户名,那么就Editor.putString存放就好。

 

但是这样的方法有一些弊端:

(1)在存放一些集合信息,存储ArrayList就不合适

(2)如果针对用户,新增加了很多熟悉,比如性别,头像等信息,那么需要一个一个的添加put和get方法,非常的繁琐。

 

 

2、通过序列化对象,将对象序列化成base64编码的文本,然后再通过SharedPreferences 保存,那么就方便很多,只需要在对象里增加get和set方法就好。

 

3、 序列换通用方法, 将list对象或者普通的对象序列化成字符串

package com.example.imagedemo;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.StreamCorruptedException;
import java.util.List;

import android.util.Base64;

public class SerializableUtil {
	
	public static <E> String list2String(List<E> list) throws IOException{
		//实例化一个ByteArrayOutputStream对象,用来装载压缩后的字节文件
		ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		//然后将得到的字符数据装载到ObjectOutputStream
		ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);
		//writeObject 方法负责写入特定类的对象的状态,以便相应的readObject可以还原它
		oos.writeObject(list);
		//最后,用Base64.encode将字节文件转换成Base64编码,并以String形式保存
		String listString = new String(Base64.encode(baos.toByteArray(),Base64.DEFAULT));
		//关闭oos
		oos.close();
		return listString;
		}
	
	public static  String obj2Str(Object obj)throws IOException
	{
		if(obj == null) {
			return "";
		}
		      //实例化一个ByteArrayOutputStream对象,用来装载压缩后的字节文件
				ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
				//然后将得到的字符数据装载到ObjectOutputStream
				ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);
				//writeObject 方法负责写入特定类的对象的状态,以便相应的readObject可以还原它
				oos.writeObject(obj);
				//最后,用Base64.encode将字节文件转换成Base64编码,并以String形式保存
				String listString = new String(Base64.encode(baos.toByteArray(),Base64.DEFAULT));
				//关闭oos
				oos.close();
				return listString;
	} 
	
	//将序列化的数据还原成Object
	public static Object str2Obj(String str) throws StreamCorruptedException,IOException{
		byte[] mByte = Base64.decode(str.getBytes(),Base64.DEFAULT);
		ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(mByte);
		ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bais);
		
		try {
			return ois.readObject();
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return null;
	
	}
	
	public static <E> List<E> string2List(String str) throws StreamCorruptedException,IOException{
		byte[] mByte = Base64.decode(str.getBytes(),Base64.DEFAULT);
		ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(mByte);
		ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bais);
		List<E> stringList = null;
		try {
			stringList = (List<E>) ois.readObject();
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return stringList;
		}

}

 

4、 要保存的用户对象

package com.example.imagedemo;

import java.io.Serializable;

import android.annotation.SuppressLint;


public class UserEntity implements Serializable 
{
	 private static final long serialVersionUID = -5683263669918171030L;  

	private String userName;
	// 原始密码
	
	public String getUserName()
	{
		return userName;
	}

	public void setUserName(String userName)
	{
		this.userName = userName;
	}

	public String getPassword()
	{
		return password;
	}

	public void setPassword(String password)
	{
		this.password = password;
	}

	private String password;

}

  

5、编写SharedPreUtil ,实现对对象的读取和保存

package com.example.imagedemo;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StreamCorruptedException;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.content.SharedPreferences.Editor;

public class SharedPreUtil
{
	
	// 用户名key
	public final static String KEY_NAME = "KEY_NAME";

    public final static String KEY_LEVEL = "KEY_LEVEL";
	
	
	private static SharedPreUtil s_SharedPreUtil;
	
	private static UserEntity s_User = null;

	private SharedPreferences msp;
	
	// 初始化,一般在应用启动之后就要初始化
	public static synchronized void initSharedPreference(Context context)
	{
		if (s_SharedPreUtil == null)
		{
			s_SharedPreUtil = new SharedPreUtil(context);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 获取唯一的instance
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	public static synchronized SharedPreUtil getInstance()
	{
		return s_SharedPreUtil;
	}
	
	public SharedPreUtil(Context context)
	{
		msp = context.getSharedPreferences("SharedPreUtil",
				Context.MODE_PRIVATE | Context.MODE_APPEND);
	}
	
	public SharedPreferences getSharedPref()
	{
		return msp;
	}

	
	public synchronized void putUser(UserEntity user)
	{
		
		Editor editor = msp.edit();
		
		String str="";
		try {
			str = SerializableUtil.obj2Str(user);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		editor.putString(KEY_NAME,str);
		editor.commit();
		
		s_User = user;
	}
	
	public synchronized UserEntity getUser()
	{
		
		if (s_User == null)
		{
			s_User = new UserEntity();
	
			
			//获取序列化的数据
			String str = msp.getString(SharedPreUtil.KEY_NAME, "");
			
			try {
				Object obj = SerializableUtil.str2Obj(str);
				if(obj != null){
					s_User = (UserEntity)obj;
				}
				
			} catch (StreamCorruptedException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		
		return s_User;
	}
	
	public synchronized void DeleteUser()
	{
		Editor editor = msp.edit();
		editor.putString(KEY_NAME,"");
	
		editor.commit();
		s_User = null;
	}
	
}

  

6、 调用Activity代码

package com.example.imagedemo;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;

public class ActivityMain extends Activity
{
	
	EditText edit_pwd;
	EditText edit_name;
	Button button;
	
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
	{
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		
		SharedPreUtil.initSharedPreference(getApplicationContext());
		
	
		
		edit_pwd = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.pwd);
		edit_name = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.name);
		
		button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn);
		
		
	 //保存到本地
	    button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()
		{
			
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v)
			{
				
				 String name  = edit_name.getText().toString();
				 String pwd = edit_pwd.getText().toString();
				 
				 UserEntity user = new UserEntity();
				 user.setPassword(pwd);
				 user.setUserName(name);
				 
				 //用户名,密码保存在SharedPreferences
				 SharedPreUtil.getInstance().putUser(user);				
			}
		});
	    Button delBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_del);
	    delBtn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()
	 		{
	 			
	 			@Override
	 			public void onClick(View v)
	 			{	
	 				 SharedPreUtil.getInstance().DeleteUser();		
	 				   edit_name.setText("");
	 				   edit_pwd.setText("");
	 			}
	 		});
		
	    UserEntity user = SharedPreUtil.getInstance().getUser();
	    if(!TextUtils.isEmpty(user.getPassword()) && !TextUtils.isEmpty( user.getUserName() ) ){
	        edit_name.setText(user.getUserName());
		    edit_pwd.setText(user.getPassword());
	    }
	    
	}
	
	@Override
	public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu)
	{
		// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
		getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.activity_main, menu);
		return true;
	}
	
}

  

  对应的布局文件

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".ActivityMain" >

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/name"
          android:hint="please input  name"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dip" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/pwd"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:hint="please input password"
        android:layout_height="40dip" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="40dip"
        android:text="保存" >
    </Button>
    
      <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_del"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="40dip"
        android:text="清除" >
    </Button>

</LinearLayout>

 来个截图

 

 

7、 如果我们的应用程序有不太复杂的保存需求,那么就可借助 SerializableUtil list2String 将list对象保存为文本,然后在通过文本的方式来读取,这样就不用使用数据库了,会轻量很多。

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